Kwenziwe ngokwezifiso 50×10⁴m³/ D igesi yemvelo liquefaction plant

Isingeniso

Ukwakhiwa kwephrojekthi 50 × 10⁴m³ / D iphrojekthi yokuncibilika kwegesi yemvelo kanye nezinsiza ezisekelayo kanye nethangi elilodwa elingu-10000 m3 LNG eligcwele umthamo. Amayunithi enqubo eyinhloko ahlanganisa i-feed gas pressurization, i-decarbonization unit, i-dehydration unit, i-mercury neyunithi yokususwa kwe-hydrocarbon esindayo, iyunithi ye-liquefaction, isitoreji sefriji, i-flash steam pressurization, ipulazi le-LNG ithangi kanye nezindawo zokulayisha.

Ngabe kusebenza kanjani ukwelashwa kwegesi yemvelo ngaphambi kokuncibilika?

Umthombo wokudla kwezitshalo ufika ngendlela enegesi ngamapayipi. Igesi yemvelo ekhishwe emhlabathini iqukethe ukungcola, amanzi kanye nolunye uketshezi oluhambisanayo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume uketshezi, igesi idinga ukudlula inqubo yokwelapha ukuze isuse izinto ezingafuneki. Igesi idlula ochungechungeni lwemikhumbi, ama-compressor namapayipi lapho igesi ihlukaniswa kancane kancane noketshezi olusindayo nokungcola.

Okokuqala, amanzi kanye ne-condensate ziyasuswa, kulandeleukususwa kwegesi ye-asidi (i-carbon dioxide, CO2), i-hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ne-mercury (Hg). Lezi zinto azifunwa, njengoba zingase zidale ukwakheka kweqhwa ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kanye nokugqwala kwamapayipi kanye nezishintshisi zokushisa ze-LNG. Ingxube esele iphole ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kanti ezinye, ezisindayo, uketshezi lwegesi yemvelo lube seluhlukaniswa nengxube ngaphambi kokuthi kuqhume uketshezi. Ama-hydrocarbon akhishiwe angagcinwa futhi athengiswe ngokuhlukana. Igesi esele ngokuvamile iqukethe i-methane kanye ne-ethane ethile, ekhishwa ekuxutshweni kwayo.

I-Liquefaction gas yemvelo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-LNG, ifinyeza igesi yemvelo ibe uketshezi ngokupholisa igesi yemvelo eyigesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile ukuze - 162 ℃. I-liquefaction yegesi yemvelo ingasindisa kakhulu indawo yokugcina neyokuthutha, futhi inezinzuzo zenani elikhulu le-calorific, ukusebenza okuphezulu, okuhambisana nokulinganisela kokulawulwa kwemithwalo yasemadolobheni, okuhambisana nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwedolobha nokunye.

Uhlelo lwenqubo lubandakanya ikakhulukazi: iyunithi yokulawula ingcindezi yegesi yokudla kanye neyunithi yokulinganisa,iyunithi yokuhlanza igesi yemvelokanye neyunithi ye-liquefaction yegesi yemvelo, isistimu yokugcina isiqandisi, isistimu yokucindezela ejikelezayo efrijini, isitoreji se-LNG kanye neyunithi yokulayisha.

I-Liquefied natural gas (LNG) igesi yemvelo, ikakhulukazi i-methane, epholiswe yaba uketshezi ukuze kube lula nokuphepha kwendawo yokugcina nokuhamba. Kuthatha cishe i-1/600th umthamo wegesi yemvelo esimweni segesi.

Sihlinzeka Ngezimboni Zokuxutshwa Kwegesi Yemvelo ngesilinganiso esincane (esincane) nangesilinganiso esincane. Umthamo wezitshalo uhlanganisa ukusuka ku-13 kuye kwangaphezu kwamathani angama-200/ngosuku okukhiqizwa kwe-LNG (18,000 kuya ku-300,000 Nm³/d).

Isitshalo esiphelele soketshezi lwe-LNG sihlanganisa amasistimu amathathu: uhlelo lwenqubo, uhlelo lokulawula izinsimbi kanye nesistimu yokusetshenziswa. Ngokusho kwemithombo yomoya ehlukene, ingashintshwa.

Ngokwesimo sangempela somthombo wegesi, samukela inqubo engcono kakhulu kanye nohlelo olunomnotho kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zamakhasimende. Imishini efakwe kwi-skid yenza ukuthutha nokufaka kube lula.

1. Uhlelo lokucubungula

Igesi yemvelo ephakelayo icindezelwa ngemva kokuhlunga, ukuhlukaniswa, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kanye nemitha, bese ingena ohlelweni lokwelapha igesi yemvelo. Ngemva kokukhipha i-CO₂, H₂S, Hg, H₂ O kanye nama-hydrocarbons asindayo, ingena ebhokisini elibandayo le-liquefaction. Bese Ipholiswa ku-plate fin heat exchanger, ikhishwe ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-liquefaction, bese ipholile kancane, iphihlizwe futhi ikhanyise ku-flash tank, futhi ekugcineni, isigaba soketshezi esihlukanisiwe singena ethangini lokugcina le-LNG njengemikhiqizo ye-LNG.

I-flowchart ye-skid efakwe kwi-LNG Plant limi kanje:

Uhlelo lwenqubo lwe-cryogenic LNG Plant luhlanganisa:

• ● Ukuhlunga kwegesi yesiphakeli, ukuhlukanisa, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi kanye neyunithi yokulinganisa;

• ● Iyunithi yokucindezela igesi yokuphakelayo

• ● Iyunithi yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi (okuhlanganisai-deacidification,ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbenikanye nokususwa kwe-hydrocarbon esindayo, ukususwa kwe-mercury nothuli);

• ● Iyunithi yokulinganisa ye-MR kanye neyunithi yomjikelezo wokucindezela we-MR;

• ● Iyunithi yokuncibilika kwe-LNG (kuhlanganise neyunithi yokukhishwa kwe-denitrification);

1.1 Izici zesistimu yenqubo

1.1.1 Iyunithi yegesi yokuphakelayo

Indlela yenqubo yeyunithi ye-feed gas pretreatment inezici ezilandelayo:

• ●I-Deacidification ngesisombululo se-MDEAinobuhle bokukhihliza amagwebu amancane, ukugqwala okuphansi kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane kwe-amine.

• ●I-adsorption ye-molecular sieveisetshenziselwa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni okujulile, futhi isenayo inzuzo ephezulu yokukhanga ngisho nangaphansi kokucindezela okuyingxenye komhwamuko ophansi.

• ● Ukusebenzisa ikhabhoni efakwe isulfure efakwe isibabule ukususa i-mercury ishibhile ngentengo. I-Mercury ihlangana nesulfure kukhabhoni ecushwe isibabule efakiwe ukuze ikhiqize i-mercury sulfide, ekhangiswa kukhabhoni ecushiwe ukuze kufezwe injongo yokususwa kwe-mercury.

• ● Izinto zokuhlunga ezinembayo zingasefa isisefo semolekyuli kanye nothuli lwekhabhoni olwenziwe lwasebenza ngaphansi kuka-5μm.

1.1.2 Iyunithi yokuncibilika kanye nesiqandisi

Indlela yenqubo ekhethiwe yeyunithi ye-liquefaction kanye nesiqandisi i-MRC (i-mixed refrigerant) yesiqandisi somjikelezo, okusetshenziswa kancane kwamandla. Le ndlela inokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezindlela zesiqandisi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, okwenza intengo yomkhiqizo ibe nokuncintisana emakethe. Iyunithi yokulinganisa yesiqandisi izimele ngokuqhathaniswa neyunithi yokucindezela ejikelezayo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, i-proportioning unit igcwalisa isiqandisisi ku-circulating compression unit, igcina isimo sokusebenza esizinzile seyunithi yokucindezela ejikelezayo; Ngemuva kokuthi iyunithi ivaliwe, iyunithi yokulinganisa ingagcina isiqandisi kusukela engxenyeni ephezulu yokucindezela kweyunithi yokucindezela ngaphandle kokukhipha isiqandisi. Lokhu akukwazi nje ukulondoloza isiqandisi, kodwa futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuqalisa esilandelayo.

Wonke ama-valve asebhokisini elibandayo ashiselwe, futhi akukho ukuxhumana kwe-flange ebhokisini elibandayo ukuze kuncishiswe amaphuzu okuvuza okungenzeka ebhokisini elibandayo.

1.2 Impahla esemqoka yoPhiko ngalunye

2. Uhlelo lokulawula izinsimbi

Ukuze kuqashwe ngempumelelo inqubo yokukhiqiza yesethi ephelele yemishini, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile nokusebenza okulula nokugcinwa, uhlelo lokulawula izinsimbi lubandakanya ikakhulukazi:

Isistimu yokulawula esabalalisiwe (DCS)

I-Safety Instrument System (SIS)

I-alamu yomlilo kanye nohlelo lomtshina wegesi (FGS)

Umabonakude wesekethe evaliwe (CCTV)

Uhlelo lokuhlaziya

Futhi amathuluzi anembe kakhulu (i-flowmeter, i-analyzer, i-thermometer, i-pressure gage) ehlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngokucushwa okuphelele, ukugunyazwa kanye nemisebenzi yokuqapha, okuhlanganisa ukutholwa kwedatha yenqubo, isilawuli-loop esivaliwe, isimo sokuqapha ukusebenza kwemishini, ukuvala i-alamu kanye nesevisi, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela nesibonisi, isevisi yethrendi, isibonisi sezithombe, isevisi yombiko wokurekhodiwe nokusebenza kanye eminye imisebenzi. Uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo kuyunithi yokukhiqiza noma isistimu ye-FGS ithumela isignali ye-alamu, i-SIS ithumela isignali ye-interlock yokuvikela ukuze ivikele izinto ezisebenza endaweni, futhi uhlelo lwe-FGS lwazisa umnyango wendawo wesicishamlilo ngesikhathi esifanayo.

3. Uhlelo olusetshenziswayo

Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa ikakhulukazi: iyunithi yomoya wensimbi, iyunithi ye-nitrogen, iyunithi kawoyela yokudlulisa ukushisa, iyunithi lamanzi ane-desalted kanye neyunithi yokupholisa yamanzi ajikelezayo.